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LCD 液晶显示屏有那些种类？怎么区分？

编辑： 颜若惜
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LCD 液晶显示屏是 Liquid Crystal Display 的简称，LCD 的构造是在两片平行的玻璃当中放置液态的晶体，两片玻璃中间有许多垂直和水平的细小电线，透过通电与否来控制杆状水晶分子改变方向，将光线折射出来产生画面。

优点：显示面板薄（平板型结构），电磁辐射小，被动显示型（无眩光，有助于眼睛健康），显示信息量大，易于彩色化，寿命长（这种器件几乎没有什么劣化问题，因此寿命极长，但是液晶背光寿命有限）。

缺点：色彩不够艳丽。

LCD液晶显示屏按照控制方式不同可分为被动矩阵式LCD及主动矩阵式LCD两种。


被动矩阵式LCD：被动矩阵式LCD在亮度及可视角方面受到较大的限制，反应速度也较慢。由于画面质量方面的问题，使得这种显示设备不利于发展为桌面型显示器。被动矩阵式LCD又可分为TN-LCD(Twisted Nematic-LCD，扭曲向列LCD)、STN-LCD(Super TN-LCD，超扭曲向列LCD)和DSTN-LCD(Double layer STN-LCD，双层超扭曲向列LCD)。

主动矩阵式LCD：目前应用比较广泛的主动矩阵式LCD，也称TFT-LCD(Thin Film Transistor-LCD，薄膜晶体管LCD)。TFT液晶显示器是在画面中的每个像素内建晶体管，可使亮度更明亮、色彩更丰富及更宽广的可视面积。

在笔记本电脑中，主要先后采用了DSTN－LCD（俗称伪彩显）和TFT－LCD（俗称真彩显）两种LCD显示屏。而LED显示屏目前是指LED背光，是相对于目前主流的灯管背光来讲的，显示屏仍然是LCD。


DSTN（Dual－Layer Super Twist Nematic）LCD：是指双扫描扭曲向列，意思就是通过双扫描方式来扫描扭曲向列型液晶显示屏，达到完成显示的目的。DSTN－LCD并非真正的彩色显示器，它只能显示一定的颜色深度，因而叫“伪彩显”。由于DSTN－LCD的对比度和亮度较差，屏幕观察范围较小，色彩不丰富，特别是反应速度慢，不适于高速全动图像、视频播放等应用，一般只用于文字、表格和静态图像处理，现在已基本绝迹。

TFT（Thin Film Transistor）LCD：是由薄膜晶体管组成的屏幕，它的每个液晶像素点都是由集成在像素点后面的薄膜晶体管来驱动，显示屏上每个像素点后面都有四个（一个黑色、三个RGB彩色）相互独立的薄膜晶体管驱动像素点发出彩色光，可显示24位色深的真彩色，可以做到高速度、高亮度、高对比度显示屏幕信息。TFT－LCD是目前最好的LCD彩色显示设备之一，是现在笔记本电脑上的主流显示设备

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