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SPSS中怎样绘制3D条形图？SPSS中绘制3D条形图方法教程

编辑： 陌流兮
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　　我们在使用软件进行绘图的时候，很多情况下只能绘制2D数据分析图，2D图形往往不能够直观地表现数据。所以我们希望能够更加具体形象地绘制图片，最好能够绘制3D图形。众所周知维度越高，越符合我们的直观感受，因此3D图形能够更加形象地表现数据。在SPSS中，我们可以用几个步骤就轻松绘制出3D图形。

　　操作方法

　　1、数据展示

　　下图是一组学生的信息，我将以图中的数据为基础，绘制不同年级学生的性别分布3D条形图。

图1：数据展示

　　下图是各个变量的类型和具体含义。

图2：变量视图

　　2、菜单位置

　　第一步我们点击菜单中的“图形”按钮，第二步我们点击下级菜单中的“旧对话框”按钮，第三步我们点击“三维条形图”按钮。

图3：菜单位置

　　3、编辑X轴和Z轴

　　在数学上我们一般用x、y、z轴来刻画一个三维图形，这一步需要对x轴和z轴进行一个初步的编辑，将x轴和z轴的表示都选择为“个案组”。这里简单解释一下个案和变量，变量可以理解为数据表中的一列，个案可以理解为数据表中的一整行，个案是由多个变量值所组成的。

图4：编辑x轴和z轴

　　4、编辑3D图形

　　如图所示，我们将变量“年级号”添加到x类别轴中，将变量“性别”添加到z类别轴中。可能很多人会好奇为什么没有y类别轴，其实图中的“条形表示”就是y轴，我们在“条形表示”的下拉框中选择个案数。

图5：编辑3D图形

　　5、结果展示

　　下图中x轴代表年级号，z轴代表性别，y轴代表人数。那这张图的具体含义就是，各个年级男女生人数分别是多少。

图6：结果展示

　　三、总结

　　上文中只是简单展示了在IBM SPSS Statistics中如何绘制3D图形，在绘制3D图形的过程中我们还可以更改x、y、z轴的含义去得到不同的图形。

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